The ability to achieve success depends on the ability to capitalize on ones strengths and to correct or compensate for ones weaknesses. The theory attempts to understand the human intelligence in terms of distinct components rather than a single ability. The triarchic theory of intelligence or three forms of intelligence was formulated by robert sternberg, a prominent figure in research of human intelligence. The history of the theory presented here has been documented, to some extent, in two earlier theoretical articles sternberg, 1980b, 1984. The triarchic theory of intelligence proposes that there are three distinct types of intelligence. Sternberg s 1987 componential subtheory is presented in this study as a theory of intelligence because it describes the various cognitive processes underlying problem solving. Dia kemudian menjadi dekan fakultas seni dan ilmu pengetahuan di tufts university. Sternbergs triarchic theory of successful intelligence contends that intelligent behavior arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities, and that these abilities function collectively to allow individuals to achieve success within particular sociocultural contexts sternberg, 1988, 1997, 1999. He conceived the approach to measurement known as the law of comparative judgment, and is well known for his contributions to factor analysis. A triangular theory of creativity, kinds of defiance in creativity, defying the crowd, defying oneself, and defying the zeitgeist contain text that is identical or near identical to text that appears in sternberg, r. Iq tests, which measure general cognitive ability, are derived from his theory of general intelligence. This short paper analyzes the components of sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence and assesses its applicability to psychotherapy. His theory is mostly based on observing yale graduate students. He states that investigators in intellectually related fields.
Theory of functions of real variable 2 meg pdf advanced calculus 30 meg pdf with index 16meg without index purchase hard copy from world scientific. The theory is substantially broader than conventional theories of intelligence. Beyond these three general categories, many theories of and approaches toward human potential have been developed. Theories of intelligence there are different theories about intelligence, none of which agreee with each other. Sternberg, a wellknown psychologist whose research often focuses on human intelligence and creativity. Theory of multiple intelligences and sternbergs triarchic. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence last updated. He conducted research to determine mental functions, different ways of thinking, and how to modify cognition. The article made the argument arguing that intelligence. The triarchic theory by sternberg categorized intelligence into three different aspects. Toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence robert j. Analytical intelligence is for people who are able to take problems apart and solve them using logically reasoning and planing.
Sternberg s theory builds on his earlier componential approach to reasoning. According to him intellectual abilities are comprised of two factors, namely the general ability known as gfactor and specific abilities known as sfactors. This short paper analyzes the components of sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence and assesses its applicability to psychotherapy. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence and what it. Sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence was a revolutionary approach to human intelligence which took into account much more than empirical data. The discussion of the following theories is roughly chronological, although somewhat arbitrary, and the reader should not infer a priority based on the order in which the material is presented. Psychologist robert sternberg s theory describes types of love based on three different scales. Brief notes on robert sternbergs theory of intelligence. Pdf sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence aron. His research not only led him to develop the concept of the g factor of. Argues for the addition of the categories of common sense and the use of insight to the usual criteria of academic performance when judging intelligence. Howard gardner 1983, 1993, robert sternberg 1988, 1997, and david perkins 1995 have written widely sold books that summarize the literature and present their own specific points of view.
The three meta components are also called triarchic components. Saat ini provost dan profesor psikologi di oklahoma state university. Sternberg s definition of human intelligence is a mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, realworld environments relevant to ones life sternberg, 1985, p. Components are the steps to solve a problem and the metacomponents are the basics of knowledge that one has to know to solve the problem. The first main thing gardners theory of multiple intelligences and sternberg s theory of intelligence both are about multiple intelligences. In this theory, intelligence is defined in terms of the ability to achieve success in life based on ones personal standards and within ones sociocultural context. The three different categories to processes information is analytically, creatively, and practically. This theory was proposed by american psychologist robert sternberg 1984.
As we mentioned above, sternberg laid out three types of intelligence. Sternberg s triarchic theory of successful intelligence contends that intelligent behavior arises from a balance between analytical, creative and practical abilities, and that these abilities function collectively to allow individuals to achieve success within particular sociocultural contexts sternberg, 1988, 1997, 1999. Aristotles triarchic theory of intelligence prefigures, but apparently does not serve directly as a source for, sternberg s comparable contemporary theory. Pdf toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence. A triarchic theory of human intelligence springerlink. Robert sternberg developed his triarchic theory of intelligence in the 1980s as an attempt to understand human intelligent in terms of components rather than ability. This article is a synopsis of a triarchic theory of human intelligence. He is the creator with todd lubart 25 of the investment theory of creativity, which states that creative people buy low and sell high in the world of ideas, and a propulsion theory of creative contributions, which states that creativity is a form of. Charles spearman developed his twofactor theory of intelligence using factor analysis. Sternberg s three types of intelligence, called the triarchic theory, are. It consists of all of the important information about practical reality of the world about which one is taught neither in schools nor in colleges. Sternberg invites the nineteen most highly cited psychological scientists in the leading textbooks on human intelligence to share their research programs and findings. Thinking styles the theory of mental selfgovernment holds that styles of thinking can be understood in terms of constructs from our notions of government.
Chc theory cattellhorncarroll the theory of intelligence that is most used in iq tests is the chc cattellhorncarroll. The theory of intelligence that we are most interested in, is sternberg s triarchic theory of human intelligence. Theories of intelligence in psychology verywell mind. The english psychologist, charles spearman 18631945, in 1904 proposed his theory of intelligence called twofactor theory. The following definition is a composite from various authors. He distinguished between information processing components and metacomponents. Intelligent activities are not an expression of innumerable highly specific factors, as thorndike claimed. Howard gardners theory of multiple intelligences many of us are familiar with three general categories in which people learn. Sternberg department of psychology, yale university, new haven, conn. Some researchers have suggested that intelligence is a single, general ability, while others believe that intelligence encompasses a range of aptitudes, skills, and talents. The theory of successful intelligence actef eivissa. Sternberg was born in 1949 and is an american psychologist and a psychometrician.
These theories have been the basis for most conventional tests of intelligence iq tests. Contrary to the beliefs of the time, sternberg rejected the idea. The triarchic theory of human intelligence provides a broader basis for understanding intelligence than do many, if not most theories of intelligence. Sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence exploring. History of intelligence testing includes galton, binet, terman, wechsler, wais, sternberg s triarchic theory, gardner 3. Ability to think abstractly, process information effectively contextual intelligence practical ability. The gfactor and the sfactor are two parts of spearmans twofactor theory of intelligence.
While intelligence is one of the most talked about subjects in psychology, there is no standard definition of what exactly constitutes intelligence. Sternberg s 1987 componential sub theory is presented in this study as a theory of intelligence because it describes the various cognitive processes underlying problem solving. The theory by itself was among the first to go against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive approach. On this view, the kinds of governments we have in the world are not merely coincidental, but rather are external reflections or mirrors of ways in which we. Sternberg believes that this kind of practical intelligence is the tacit knowledge. Every approach to thinking comes up with its own different perspective and assumptions, often contradicting at least one earlier theory. Sternberg s triarchic theory is an important effort to synthesize the various theories of. A theory of adaptive intelligence and its relation to general. It is important to recognize that a relationship based on a single element is less likely to.
Thurstons theory of intelligence louis leon thurstone 29 may 1887 30 september 1955 was a u. The theories are grouped into four major theory types. Augmented theory of successful intelligence the traditional view of intelligence is that it comprises a single general ability g, under which are hierarchically arranged successively more specific levels of abilities, such as fluid ability the ability to think flexibly and in novel ways and crystallized ability cumulative knowledge. American psychologist, robert sternberg, made his name by proposing the triarchic theory of intelligence. Robert sternbergs triarchic theory of intelligence componential intelligence experiential intelligence creative ability analytical ability ability to formulate new ideas, to combine seemingly unrelated facts or information.
Triangular theory of love the triangular theory of love explains the topic of love in an interpersonal relationship. The triarchic theory of intelligence was formulated by robert sternberg in the 1980s. Contemporary theories of intelligence scott barry kaufman. Setelah mendapatkan gelar sarjana, sternberg kembali ke yale sebagai profesor psikologi. Dynamical systems 1 meg pdf lie algebras 900 k pdf. Sternberg s triarchic theory of intelligence categorizes the intelligence s of humans into three groups. This type of intelligence allows a person to process information eff ectively and think abstractly. Such a definition of adaptive intelligence would need to be biologically based in terms of evolutionary theory, would need to take into account the. What are the different theories of intelligence in.
They have a wider and more holistic view of intelligence than the traditional unitary view of intelligence in the sense of there is a single factor of intelligence, g, which classifies intelligence as. It corresponds closely to aristotles three excellences of intelligence theoretical, practical and productive tigner and tigner 2000, as well as to sternberg s 1985 triarchic theory of. Sternbergs views on intelligence the second principle. Sekilas robert jeffrey sternberg robert jeffrey sternberg lahir pada tanggal 8 desember, 1949 di newark, new jersey.
Sternberg has proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence and a triangular theory of love. The study of human intelligence features many points of consensus, but there are also many different perspectives. Oliver 1997 has noted that gardners multiple intelligence theory can be compared with cognitive style. Theories of intelligence, learning, and motivation as a basis. Sternberg has proposed what he refers to as a triarchic theory of human intelligence. Chc theory and the pass model along with spearmans g form the theoretical foundation for nearly all commercial tests of intelligence. Stephen hawkingthe fundamental principles of the triarchic theory of intelligence. Shlomo sternberg at the harvard mathematics department. It is the oldest theory regarding the nature of intelligence and flourished. It defines intelligence in terms of the ability to achieve ones goals in life, within ones sociocultural contex t. Studying sternbergs views on intelligence a brief overview of the threefold view of intelligence or triarchic intelligence contact leslie in studying different views and theories on intelligence and creativity i have become a fan of the works of dr.
Learn about the various theories of intelligence since many psychologists dont agree on a standard definition. Sternberg s theory gets at what intelligence is gardners theory gets at how people use their intelligence in different ways sternbergs 3 components are a part of each of gardners multiple intelligences. In the first article sternberg, 1980b a theory of components of intelligence was presented. Institute for early education research accessed at, may 2004. Both see intelligence as broad both say intelligence occurs in contexts differences sternberg s theory gets at what intelligence is gardners theory gets at how people use their intelligence in different ways sternberg s 3 components are a part of each of.